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The Shanghai Concert Hall opens with super acoustics at its new location
Shanghai is called the birthplace of modern China. With more than 14 million inhabitants it is not only China’s 2nd largest city, but its city centre shows with 29.000 people per square kilometre the highest population density, approximately 10 times as many as in Hamburg. Six lane highways crossing the city are quite normal here. That leaves problems, as the operators of the Shanghai Concert Hall learnt in the middle of the nineties. A new highway next to the Concert Hall caused such a high noise and vibration level that performances became impossible. The Shanghai Concert Hall closed its doors and a certain decay of the building became more and more obvious. High rising buildings shot up into the sky around the old building and it was only a matter of time when this building, designed originally as a cinema, would have to yield to modern times.
The city designers, however, noticed just in time that history has also its place in modern China and they decided to revive the Shanghai Concert Hall.
As a result in December 2002 a project started, which can’t be compared with anything else in the turbulent Chinese civil engineering history. After several months of planning and preparation, the Concert Hall with a weight of 5.650 t was lifted off its old foundations. The remaining “hull” of the building was secured inside and outside by a steel frame structure, properly packed and placed on a specially designed concrete “tray”. 59 hydraulic jacks, each one with a load capacity of 200 t lifted the building in 6 days 1.7 m high on a rail track, built also as part of the preparation for this whole procedure.
The “translocation”, as the moving of whole building is called by experts, could begin. The building moved originally only centimetres per day, then the speed picked-up and on the last of the 12 travelling days it was moved even 16.5 m. After arrival at the new location, 66.46 m more to the south and 3.38 m higher, the Shanghai Concert Hall was again lifted to be afterwards finally lowered to the previously prepared columns and foundations.
In the middle of the building several meters above the cover of a subway tunnel was a deep hole. The rumbling of the subway could be clearly heard. GERB, a company at home in Berlin and Essen/Germany and also well-known in China as a specialist for vibration control recommended the uncoupling of the actual Concert Hall. Starting in the basement, where today a restaurant and the offices for the administration are located, walls were erected on top of which spring elements were placed, carrying the new Concert Hall foundation. The parquet of the Concert Hall (see Image 1) rests today with its load of about 960 t on only 24 spring elements (see Image 2), which were selected exactly for the load, to be supported at each of their locations.
Compared to the total cost of the project of more than 8 million EURO, the costs for the vibration control measures with less than 60.000 EURO are simply negligible. Its importance is, however, unlike higher. Only in this way it was possible to reach the high target to even optimize the already originally good acoustics of the old Concert Hall. “Especially in China and Japan, but also in Germany, we have gathered a lot of experience in the vibration isolation of subway and LRT tracks” explained the Managing Director of GERB, Dr. Armin Winkler, this whole procedure. “In such cases the frequency spectra with its disturbing peaks ranges from 10 Hz to 50 Hz, which Shanghai has confirmed. To control such vibrations, the natural frequency of the spring supported system must be clearly below that frequency range”. The spring supported part of the Shanghai Concert Hall was, therefore, designed for a natural frequency of 3.5 Hz in a conservative way, as the isolation effect starts already at twice the natural frequency. It would have been possible to go for an even more flexible support, but that would have increased costs unnecessarily.
Today the vibration levels are reduced by 70 %. Nobody feels the remaining 30 % anymore.
After the exterior had received its finishing touches, the architects for the interior started their work, ending with a Concert Hall of unbelievable beauty. When in late autumn last year 1.540 guests listened to the opening concert of the London Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, nobody was aware that at the same place sometime earlier the rumbling and vibrating of the subway would have been clearly noticed. Today one topic governs all others in the Shanghai Concert Hall, its super acoustics.
27.04.2006 03:04
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